Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), also known as Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG), is a medical test that measures the level of glucose (sugar) present in a person's blood after an overnight fast. This test is primarily used to diagnose and monitor diabetes, a chronic disease that affects the way the body processes blood sugar. The FBS test is a critical tool in the management of diabetes, helping healthcare professionals and patients understand how well the disease is being controlled and whether treatment plans need to be adjusted.Glucose is a type of sugar that the body uses for energy. It comes from the foods we eat and is also made by the liver. Insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, helps the body's cells absorb glucose from the bloodstream.

However, in people with diabetes, the body either doesn't produce enough insulin or can't use it effectively, leading to high blood sugar levels.The FBS test is typically performed in the morning, as the patient is required to fast for at least eight hours before the test. This means that the patient should not eat or drink anything except water during this period. The fasting period is crucial because the consumption of food or drink, other than water, could increase blood sugar levels and affect the test results.During the test, a healthcare professional will draw a small amount of blood, usually from a vein in the arm. The blood sample is then sent to a laboratory where it is analyzed to determine the amount of glucose present. The results of an FBS test are usually available within a few hours to a couple of days.The normal range for fasting blood sugar levels is between 70 and 100 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL). A fasting blood sugar level between 100 and 125 mg/dL is considered prediabetes, which means the person has a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes but doesn't have the disease yet. A fasting blood sugar level of 126 mg/dL or higher on two separate tests indicates diabetes.

It's important to note that several factors can affect the results of an FBS test. These include stress, illness, certain medications, and physical activity. For example, stress and illness can increase blood sugar levels, while physical activity can lower them. Therefore, it's crucial to inform the healthcare provider of any of these factors before the test.The FBS test is a valuable tool in the diagnosis and management of diabetes. However, it's just one part of a comprehensive approach to managing this disease. Other important aspects include regular physical activity, a healthy diet, regular monitoring of blood sugar levels, and taking prescribed medications as directed.In conclusion, the Fasting Blood Sugar test is a critical medical test that measures the amount of glucose in a person's blood after an overnight fast. It is primarily used to diagnose and monitor diabetes, a chronic disease that affects the body's ability to process blood sugar. The test is performed in the morning after at least eight hours of fasting, and the results can help healthcare professionals and patients understand how well diabetes is being managed and whether treatment plans need to be adjusted.